Razia developed a wonderful capacity of leadership qualities, responsibilities and bravery as her characteristics. She was the beloved daughter of Sultan Iltutmish who grew up to be an astute, heroic and an incredible combatant. This woman making to the pages of history was Razia Sultan. This episode draws light on his invasions, victories and defeats.Īt the turn of the 13th century, when the Delhi Sultanate was in power, the emergence of the only woman Muslim ruler of India proved to be an important milestone in the history. Finally, in 1206 AD, on his way back to Ghazni, a strong conqueror, Ghori was assassinated by members of Khokhar tribe, to avenge Ghors atrocities committed on them in one of his invasions. He expanded further in India and made his trusted General, Qutub-ud-din Aibak, the deputy in Delhi. Out of his many wars, the two most significant were the battles of Tarain against the famous Rajput Ruler Prithviraj Chauhan. He plundered villages and exterminated a large local population at the places he invaded. Taking advantage of the weak political condition of India, Mohammed Ghori began his invasions in 1175 AD from Multan and Uch followed by Lahore and later Delhi.
India at that time was the richest region in the subcontinent for its wealth in precious and semi-precious stones, gold and silver but was divided and ruled by many Hindu rulers. One of the Turkish rulers was Mohammed Ghori who succeeded in securing a strong foothold in India and Islamic imperialism was renewed by him in the last quarter of the 12th century. In the 12th century, India witnessed many Turkish invasions which aimed at draining away Indias wealth and establishing Islamic rule. Ashokas ruthlessness was seen later when he went on to capture Kalinga soon after which he had a change of heart and turned towards Buddhism. Finally, Sushumna was killed and Ashoka was coroneted as the king. Fierce Ashoka was now determined to avenge his mothers death and he made a plan with his minister to assassinate Sushumna. Sushumna, who was away on a campaign was enraged by the news, and he conspired to kill Ashokas pregnant wife, but unfortunately Ashokas mother is killed in a blunder.
Ashoka, due to his capability was supported by the council of ministers and crowned the king. As Bindusara grew closer to his death bed, the drum rolls of warfare between his sons, the royal princes next in line to the throne, rose to a cruel peak. Bindusara though, was in favour of Sushumna over Ashoka. Learning from his grandfather, Ashoka mastered the Kshatriya military training and became a strong general and a shrewd statesman whereas Sushumna lacked military prowess. He had two well-known sons, Sushumna and Ashoka. Chandraguptas legacy of expanding the kingdom was taken over by his son Bindusara who spread the Kingdom to the southern part of India. The story of Sushumnas assassination by his half-brother, Ashoka, is a story from one of the largest empire in Indian history, The Mauryan Empire founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 321 BC.
A conspiracy to assassinate Razia was hatched by the forty and she was killed in 1240 AD. Resentment against her reached its peak when she promoted some non Turkish officers, Jamal-ud-din Yakut being the closest to her. Razia proved herself to be an able ruler and dealt with all the politics happening against her. Clad in a red dress, Razia addressed the public with a soul stirring speech and she was made the Sultan by public consent but the forty were not ready to be dictated by a woman. A number of conspiracies were planned to eliminate Razia from the line of power but fate had some other plans and she was saved. His decision was opposed by Razias step mother Shah Turkan and a group of nobles, created by Iltutmish, called the Turkan-e-Chhelgani or The Forty. She was Iltutmishs choice as his successor since his other sons were incapable. At the turn of the 13th century, when the Delhi Sultanate was in power, the emergence of the only woman Muslim ruler of India proved to be an important milestone in the history.
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